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Battle of Fort McAllister (1863)
The First Battle of Fort McAllister was a series of naval attacks that took place from January 27 to March 3, 1863,〔Kennedy, Frances H., ''The Civil War Battlefield Guide'', 2nd Edition, Houghton-Mifflen Company, 1998, p. 191 〕 in Bryan County, Georgia, during the American Civil War. The commander of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron Rear Adm. Samuel F. Du Pont decided to test operation of new monitors against Fort McAllister before conducting a major naval operation against Charleston, South Carolina.〔Durham, p. 34〕
==Earlier operations==
Fort McAllister was a small earthen fort located along Genesis Point and armed with several heavy cannon to defend the Great Ogeechee River approach south of Savannah, Georgia. It was expanded repeatedly by adding more guns, traverses and bombproofs. Obstructions and eventually torpedoes (mines) completed the riverine defenses.
In July of 1862 the blockade runner ''Nashville'' ran up the river to escape blockaders, and would remain trapped. Learning that the ''Nashville'' was lying near the fort, Adm. Du Pont ordered Commander Charles Steedman to make a "reconnaissance in force" and to destroy the fort if possible. At this time the garrison was commanded by Capt. Alfred L. Hartridge of Co. A., 1st Georgia Volunteer Infantry, the "DeKalb Riflemen."〔Durham, p. 19〕 The main battery consisted of five 32-pounder and one 42-pounder smoothbore.〔Durham, p. 206〕 On July 29, Steedman led the wooden gunboats USS ''Paul Jones, Unadilla, Huron'' and ''Madgie'' against the work in a 90-minute long-range exchange. Steedman found that approaching the fort would cause unacceptable losses and withdrew.〔Browning, Robert M., Jr. ''Success is all that was Expected: the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron in the Civil War'' Potomac Books, 2002. p. 131〕
An 8" Columbiad was added to the fort in August and the garrison was replaced with the Emmett Rifles and the Republican Blues.〔Durham, pp. 20-21〕 Under Cdr. John L. Davis the Federal gunboats USS ''Wissahickon'' and ''Dawn'' and a mortar schooner engaged the fort for several hours on November 19. The fort did not reply to the initial long-range bombardment and waited until the warships ascended the river to the guns' effective range. When the lead vessels reached 3,000 yards the garrison opened fire and immediately scored a hit, holing the ''Wissahickon'' below the waterline. The Federals withdrew.〔Schiller, p. 28〕〔Browning, pp. 131-2〕 Damage to the fort was minor and readily repaired and only three men were slightly wounded in the fortifications.〔Durham, pp. 28-9〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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